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Browsing Journals by Author "Zahra, Morawej"

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    Physical, sexual and overall reported interpersonal violence against adult out-patients with severe mental illness under remission, receiving healthcare at Butabika hospital: A cross-sectional study
    (Plos One, 2024-12-02) Zahra, Morawej
    Interpersonal violence is a significant public health and human rights concern. People living with severe mental illness are especially vulnerable. The Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda aims to end violence. To this end, we gathered information on the prevalence and factors associated with interpersonal violence among one of the most impacted groups: individuals with severe mental illness at Butabika Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2020, including individuals 18 years or older. Data was collected through a socio-demographics questionnaire and nine questions from the modified My Exposure to Community Violence Questionnaire. The assessment evaluated physical or sexual violence experience, frequency, and perpetrator identity. The data was analyzed using STATA version 12 through simple logistic regression to determine the correlation between a single exposure and the outcome of interest, with a significance level of 5%. Among 385 participants, the past year prevalence of overall reported interpersonal violence was about 34%, while physical and sexual reported interpersonal violence were approximately 29% and 11%, respectively. Participants who had perpetrated physical violence had higher odds of experiencing reported interpersonal violence. With increasing age, the odds of experiencing reported interpersonal violence decreased; compared to those aged 18–24 years, those aged 35–44 years had AOR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.14–0.70, p = 0.005), and those aged 45 years and above had AOR = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15–0.80, p = 0.013). Reported interpersonal violence was high among the participants. While individuals of older age had lower odds of reporting interpersonal violence, those who had perpetrated physical violence in the past year had higher odds. Screening for interpersonal violence among young patients is recommended. Psycho-education on preventing physical violence should be provided, especially to younger adults. The Ministry of Health should address violence against individuals with mental illness through mass sensitization. A prospective study could investigate risk and protective factors.
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    Prevalence, sub-types, and associated factors of anemia among inpatients at a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
    (BMC psychiatry, 2025-02-26) Zahra, Morawej
    Background Anemia has been linked to psychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Studies have demonstrated an association between anemia and worsening clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of these disorders. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among adult patients admitted at Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital (MNMH) in Dodoma, Tanzania. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at MNMH among 265 adults admitted at the hospital. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire, and anemia and other hematological indices were assessed via complete blood count (CBC). Data were entered into an Open Data Kit (ODK) app and analyzed using SAS version 9.4. Chi-squared test was used initially to assess association between individual exposures and the outcome, anemia. Variables with a p-value < 0.20 from the chi squared analysis were fitted into a logistic regression model to determine their odds of association with anemia. Odds ratios from adjusted regression analysis were used to identify factors independently associated with anemia. Significance level was set at p value < 0.05. Results The prevalence of anemia among adult patients admitted at MNMH was 44% (CI 38.08, 50.36). The majority of participants had mild anemia (74.36%). Microcytic hypochromic and normocytic normochromic were the common types of anemia (47% and 46% respectively). Being male, institutionalization, and using Olanzapine was associated with anemia among participants at bivariate analysis, however, only institutionalization remained as a statistically significant factor associated with anemia at multivariable analysis (AOR:5.742, 95% CI 2.048, 16.105). Conclusions Comprehensive care strategies addressing anemia among psychiatric inpatients are crucial, extending beyond psychiatric symptoms to address factors related to prolonged admission, such as nutritional considerations. It is recommended that regular screening for anemia be implemented among psychiatric inpatients and efforts should be made to investigate and address the underlying causes of anemia among this population.